The Caravan Trail Sub Download: The Benefits of Watching the Movie with Subtitles

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The Caravan Trail Sub Download

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If you prefer hikes with multiple options and varying degrees of length and difficulty, the trek to Snowgrass Flat offers all that and more. Situated in the rugged Goat Rocks Wilderness, Snowgrass Flat is a lovely subalpine meadow that attracts wildflower lovers in July and August and backcountry campers throughout the hiking season. Due to its immense popularity, the trail is often best visited on a weekday or after Labor Day Weekend.

But if wanderlust gets the better of you, continue straight on the remainder of Trail 96 and climb more than 400 feet to the Pacific Crest Trail, which is less than a mile away. Then hang a right, soak in the views, and descend a mile to the aforementioned connector trail. Take it to return to Trail 96 and head home for a hike more than 10 miles in length.

An even more enticing option, but one that will bring your total mileage to 13, is to take a left at the main junction and follow the Lily Basin Trail all the way up to stunning Goat Lake, a turquoise lake situated in a north-facing cirque that is often snow-covered well into summer. Campsites abound on this loop route. From the lake, follow the Goat Ridge Trail (Trail 95) through a panoramic landscape with views of Mt. Adams and verdant Jordan Basin below. Just before you reach the Berry Patch trailhead, hang a left on the connector back to the Snowgrass Trail and follow it the short distance back to your car.

From Randle, head east on Highway 12. About three miles before Packwood, take a right on Forest Road 21 and head south. After 13 miles on the bumpy gravel road, take a slight left on Forest Road 2150. In less than three miles, take a right toward the loop parking lot at Snowgrass Trailhead (Trail 96). Or continue less than a quarter mile to the Berry Patch Trailhead (Trail 95), which features a vault toilet. A short connector trail connects Trail 95 and 96.

Because of its geographical location, at the point where the Mediterranean reaches its furthest southern point, Libya has been a transit country for goods and travellers between the Mediterranean region and the countries south of the Sahara since time immemorial. Adapting to the climatic and environmental conditions, the transport of goods and travellers proceeded by caravans right up into the twentieth century.

Numerous caravan tracks running straight across Libya. They describe the traditional paths that were handed down since primeval times which merchants, herdsmen and pilgrims were supposed to follow. These trade and pilgrim routes connected Europe, the Middle East and the African mainland

Dams and canals were constructed in order to allow for an all-season irrigation of the gardens of Sinawin. On the right: remains of the old town of Sinawin a formerly important crossroads of the caravan trade

The more northward route follows the watering holes of Bir Fassanu, Bir Jadida, Bir al Hamera, where caravan tracks can be still traced today (Fig. 5.11), and Bir al Chalab. These wells are said to have been used since antiquity. The wells were built by the Italians during the colonisation of the country in the 1930s, which is testified, for example, by a plaque installed at Bir Jadida by the Italians (Fig. 5.12). Today, the wells are maintained by the Libyan Government. The wells are equipped with troughs for cattle (Fig. 5.13), and they are regularly sought out by the herdsmen or the camel herders.

The caravan routes in the western part of modern-day Libya were primarily controlled by the Tuareg in the nineteenth century. They consisted of a number of large ethnic groups, who lived in the desert in the region that had to be traversed in order to reach the southern edge of the Sahara. Richardson and Rohlfs also met with them in order to negotiate safe passage on their way from Ghadamis to Ghat. Without the protection or friendship of one of the powerful leaders or another person respected by the Tuareg, a journey across the desert was more than just a bit risky. For European travellers, and also for traders, the choice of an amidi, a friend and protector, was an important affair at that time.

In Wadi Wani Miskiki groundwater can be found close to the surface (see map). The khabir/taksif of a caravan had to have knowledge about the pastures and the availability of water. These were important points of reference within the mental map of every caravan guide, whereby the water points were of central importance

Two important caravan routes led from Tripoli to Murzuq, the capital of Fezzan. The shorter ran via Gharyan and Mizdah and divided there again into a westward route and an eastward route. The stretch with a westward direction was traversed and described by the British explorer and traveller Richardson as well as by his companions, the German African explorers Barth and Overweg. The eastward route was well known to Rohlfs. The other, longer route, which Duveyrier, Lyon, Vogel and Nachtigal followed, deviated considerably to the east from the first route. In spite of the insignificant detour, this path was much more frequented and evolved into a proper caravan and post road. The reasons for this lay in the rest and supply opportunities. On the one hand, this stretch had watering holes at regular intervals. On the other hand, with its regular settlements, it offered the desired stop-off points and guaranteed a greater degree of security for the caravans. This route would usually take around thirty days, while the westward route would only require about twenty days.

The route then followed the edge of the Dahar Plateau towards the south and led through barren and stony territory until it entered the Wadi Tabunia, which cuts into the northern edge of the Hamadah al Hamra. The caravans traversed the edge of the valley. Barth speaks of a well of Tabunia, at which the caravans he accompanied made their camp. As the map indicates, there are in fact several wells in that area. From the information recorded by Barth, it is today no longer possible to locate the place he called Bir Tabunia. Relevant preparations had to be made before the imminent difficult march across the Hamadah al Hamra could really start. Usually, a whole day was needed for the camels to drink at the wells, to graze and rest and to refill the water stores. Barth used this day to undertake an excursion to the nearby oasis al Qaryah al Gharbiyah, a former Roman military camp at the Limes Tripolitanus (Figs. 5.37, 5.38 and 5.39).

Underneath the place, there was a palm grove with about 350 date palms, which still exists today. The springs of the small oasis were already collected in a basin in the nineteenth century. To a certain extent, dates, wheat and barley were cultivated. According to Barth, the place was avoided by the caravans as they regarded the water as harmful.28 Since the caravans camped outside the settlement anyway and entered the oasis when necessary,29 several things indicate that they halted in Wadi Tabunia. Presumably, the climb to the plateau was also easier to accomplish from there. The remains of a supply station for caravans, a caravan-resting place (see From Zillah to Murzuq), which was arranged here above the Wadi, also support these theories. Along the caravan route, there were further wells (Abyar at Tabuniyah) and stone shelters in close proximity to this site, similar to that found at the caravan-resting place. The satellite image (Fig. 5.41) shows the location of the caravan-resting place. As equipment for this place, there were ramparts made of stone, behind which tents could be erected (Fig. 5.41), and in the near vicinity piles of stones used as loading stations for camels. A well also belonged to this place, which was located in the immediate vicinity underneath the plateau in the Wadi (Fig. 5.40). Furthermore, spacious pastures offered camels the possibility to graze.

Wadi Tabunia: The images portray the situation in the Wadi Tabunia on the caravan route from Tripoli to Mizdah and further on to Murzuq. The Quickbird image from February 2003 gives an impression of the position of the remains of a caravan-resting place in Wadi Tabunia (see map). Features include ramparts made of stone, behind which tents could be set up, and a well, which is still important and kept in working order today. Numerous tracksprove that this place was a focal point for countless caravans

From Zillah, the stretch led first along the Wadi al Jarad in the direction of al Fuqaha. The caravans kept mostly to the banks of the Wadi al Jarad (Fig. 5.45) as dangers loomed in the Wadi itself. During rainstorms, even when the rain did not fall locally, the Wadi swelled to ranging torrents, which represented a danger for man and beast. The path markers (Fig. 5.45), still in use today, show where the Wadi can be crossed. Not far from these markings there is a prayer site, which is part of a campsite. The short part of the marking points to the north-east and shows the direction of Mecca (Fig. 5.45). 2ff7e9595c